1913: From Normal To Particular Welfare

A basic and self-evident tenet of pure legislation is that folks act to maximise their satisfaction. Their acts manifest themselves in as many alternative methods as there are folks. A logical results of this pure legislation is that folks type governments, whose final objective is to maximise the satisfactions – or the overall welfare – of its residents by securing the blessings of liberty.

As a result of governments are comprised of individuals, the identical pure legislation that led to their formation will inevitably result in the federal government remodeling into an establishment. As soon as the federal government has change into an establishment, the aim has morphed into particular privileges for the few and linked versus the overall happiness of all.

We study this course of intimately and try to clarify why and the way it finally happens. Close to the US, the guide focuses on how the passage of the sixteenth Modification, the seventeenth Modification, and the Federal Reserve Act (“the Occasions”), which all turned legislation in 1913, have altered the top of the US Structure from common to particular welfare.

The guide first examines the constitutional construction of direct taxation, the US Senate, and the financial system previous to 1913. The examination is meant to ascertain an understanding of how these components individually and collectively offered the means to safe liberty and promote the overall welfare. The guide then examines the consequences of the Occasions to clarify how these alterations reworked the aim of the Structure from common to particular welfare, undermining liberty and cultivating tyranny in its stead.